What are Psychological Disorders?
Psychological disorders, or mental health disorders, are complex conditions that affect a
person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviour. Unlike temporary feelings of sadness or stress,
these conditions interfere with daily life and well-being in lasting ways. Psychological
disorders are not issues that can be simply “willed away”—they’re medical conditions that
often require understanding, treatment, and support from professionals.

These disorders range widely in terms of severity and duration. Some may be mild and
manageable, while others can be chronic and impact a person’s life in significant ways. For
example, disorders like depression and anxiety may last for months or years, affecting
everything from social interactions to work or school. Other disorders, like bipolar disorder
and schizophrenia, often require long-term management to help individuals maintain stability
and well-being.

General Symptoms of Psychological Disorders
Psychological disorders often present with a variety of symptoms that can affect emotional,
behavioural, and physical well-being. These symptoms may differ from person to person, but
there are common signs to watch for.

Mood changes are a key indicator, including feelings of intense sadness, anger, or irritability
that persist over time. Behavioural changes may also occur, such as withdrawing from
friends, avoiding social activities, or losing interest in hobbies once enjoyed.

Difficulties with focus and concentration are another common sign, impacting daily tasks at
school, work, or home. Changes in appetite or sleep patterns—like eating significantly more
or less or experiencing insomnia—can also be warning signs. Additionally, psychological
disorders sometimes manifest physically, causing unexplained aches, pains, or fatigue
without a clear medical reason.

Factors contributing to Psychological Disorders
Psychological disorders often arise from a complex interplay of genetic, biological,
environmental, psychological, and chemical factors. Understanding these can shed light on
why some individuals are more vulnerable than others.

Genetic Factors
Genetic predispositions, such as epigenetic regulation, genetic polymorphisms, and
single-gene changes, can increase the likelihood of developing certain psychological
disorders. These inherited traits may influence how the brain functions and responds to
stress or trauma.

Biological Factors
Physical health plays a significant role. Poor nutrition, inadequate sleep, and substance
abuse can negatively impact brain health and exacerbate mental health conditions.

Environmental Factors
External circumstances, such as traumatic experiences, emotional harm, or substance abuse, can deeply affect mental well-being. The environment in which someone grows up or
lives may shape their mental resilience or susceptibility.

Psychological Factors
Personal history, including childhood trauma, abuse, or neglect, often leaves a lasting
psychological impact. These experiences may increase vulnerability to mental health
challenges.

Chemical Imbalances
Disruptions in neurotransmitters like dopamine, glutamate, and norepinephrine can alter
mood, behaviour, and cognitive function, contributing to various mental health conditions.

What is a Diagnosis?

Diagnosis is the critical first step toward effective treatment and recovery for mental health
conditions. It involves identifying the nature and cause of an illness through a detailed
examination of symptoms.

Mental health professionals use various methods during diagnosis, including interviews,
questionnaires, and sometimes physical examinations, to rule out other medical conditions.
A thorough diagnosis helps pinpoint the specific disorder and the severity of its symptoms,
enabling the creation of a personalised treatment plan tailored to the individual’s needs.

Why don’t people seek professional help?
Despite its importance, many people hesitate to seek professional help due to fears of being
judged or misunderstood. Stigma and a lack of understanding about the diagnosis process
often prevent individuals from taking this crucial step.

How can YOU contribute?
If someone you know is struggling, you can make a difference. Encourage them to seek
professional help, listen to their concerns with empathy, and educate yourself about their
condition. Being informed about the diagnosis process can also help reduce anxiety and
create a supportive environment.

Reflection and Actions
For Patients
Take a moment to reflect on your feelings. Ask yourself what emotions you’re experiencing
right now and explore the reasons behind them. Understanding your own mental state is an
empowering step toward seeking the right help and beginning your journey to recovery.
Remember, it’s okay to feel vulnerable, and reaching out for support is a sign of strength.

For Readers
Educating yourself is key to breaking the stigma around mental health. Read books or listen
to podcasts about psychological disorders to deepen your understanding. If you know
someone struggling with a psychological disorder, reach out to them. Talk to them without
judgement, listen attentively, and make them feel your support and presence. Small actions
can make a big difference in someone’s mental well-being.

References

1. Welcoming Hands: Strategies and Care to Help Those Who Face Psychological Disorders by Gabriel Rocha
2. healthychildren.org

Thank you for taking the time to read and support this initiative toward mental health
awareness. Together, we can make a difference!

This article was written by Dhruv Lagare